PDF Jesus the Pharisee: A New Look at the Jewishness of Jesus by Harvey Falk in History

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On the morning of September 8; 1756; a band of about three hundred volunteers of a newly created Pennsylvania militia led by Lt. Col. John Armstrong crept slowly through the western Pennsylvania brush. The night before they had reviewed a plan to quietly surround and attack the Lenape; or Delaware; Indian village of Kittanning. The Pennsylvanians had learned that several prominent Delaware who had led recent attacks on frontier settlements as well as a number of white prisoners were at the village. Seeking reprisal; Armstrong’s force successfully assaulted Kittanning; killing one of the Delaware they sought; but causing most to flee—along with their prisoners. Armstrong then ordered the village burned. The raid did not achieve all of its goals; but it did lead to the Indians relocating their villages further away from the frontier settlements. However; it was a major victory for those Pennsylvanians—including some Quaker legislators—who believed the colony must be able to defend itself from outside attack; whether from the French; Indians; or another colony. In War in the Peaceable Kingdom: The Kittanning Raid of 1756; historian Brady J. Crytzer follows the two major threads that intertwined at Kittanning: the French and Indian War that began in the Pennsylvania frontier; and the bitter struggle between pacifist Quakers and those Quakers and others—most notably; Benjamin Franklin—who supported the need to take up arms. It was a transformational moment for the American colonies. Rather than having a large; pacifist Pennsylvania in the heart of British North America; the colony now joined the others in training soldiers for defense. Ironically; it would be Pennsylvania soldiers who; in the early days of the American Revolution; would be crucial to the survival of George Washington’s army.