History of the Sikhs is a five volume series which deals with all aspects-religious; philosophical; political; military; social; economic and cultural; and the contribution of Sikhism to world civilization; in particular to human rights; principles of liberty; equality and fraternity; and to the creed of democracy and secularism. The aim is to present a comprehensive view of the rise; growth and development of Sikh thought and action almost in every direction. The whole series is based on original contemporary sources in English; Gurmukhi; Marathi; Persian and Urdu known to exist in India and abroad. This fourth volume deals with the rise and fall of Sikh misls. In Sikh history this term was first used by Guru Gobind Singh in the battle Bhangani in 1688; when he organised his forces into eleven misls. Banda Bahadur adopted the same organisation of eleven divisions in the battle of Sarhind in May 1710. In 1734 Nawab Kapur Singh divided the Khalsa into Budha Dal and Taruna Dal; both comprising eleven groups. This division was permanently adopted at the formation of Dal Khalsa in 1748. The Phulkian states were not a Sikh misl. They developed as petty kingdoms from the beginning. They owed allegiance to the Mughals and Durranis; the enemies of their faith. They purchased titles from them. The Sikh misls never agreed to serve under Muslim masters. Lahna Singh Bhangi flatly rejected to become Ahmad Shah Durrani's viceroy of Panjab. Baghel Singh Karorasinghia controlled Delhi for nine months as an independent chief. He thrice turned down Emperor Shah Alam's firman appointing him governor of the Upper Ganga Doab. The Sikh misls dominated the whole country from river Indus to the Ganga; and from punch in Kashmir to the borders of Sind and Baluchistan. The Mughal Emperor; his prime ministers; Rohillas; Jats; Rajputs; Marathas; the British; hill rajas; and Durrani monarchs; all were terribly afraid of Sikh misls in spite of their complete disunity and mutual warfare. The misls in the western region were unceremoniously finished by Maharaja Ranjit Singh; and by the British Government in the eastern region.
#298721 in Books 2016-09-15Original language:EnglishPDF # 1 12.00 x 1.40 x 10.00l; #File Name: 3954982234504 pages
Review
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful. Buy this book!By JRExcellent book; filled with color pictures all with clear descriptions and interpretive paragraphs. If you're planning to attend any or all of the three exhibits in the U.S.; going through this book in advance of your visit to the display(s) is an ideal way to prepare. Once you've seen the extensive collection of artifacts; this book will be a great review and reminder of everything you saw. If you're not fortunate enough to be able to attend the exhibit(s) this book is the next best thing to being there.If you're interested in Luther; the Reformation more generally; or what life was like in Saxony and surrounding German territories in the first half of the sixteenth century; this book is a great resource. Even at list price it would be a tremendous deal considering the size and quality of the book.0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. Bring a cameraBy melissa nelsonI loved the tour at the MIA and enjoyed the book - but I do wish some of the pictures were more magnified. I forgot my camera and the detail of some of the pictures are so small that it's hard to see the artist's intent. If you go to the exhibit do bring a camera as the close-ups would have been helpful to look at later .(The timing is such that I could have spent much more time looking at some of the items but was pushed through.)0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. Excellent and Comprehensive.By Dean LuedtkeExcellent in depth book on Martin Luther with an extraordinary amount of artifacts covered. It covers the very well what was at the Minneapolis Museum of art.
