The war in Sri Lanka was violent and costly in human and material terms. This was one of the longest wars in modern South Asia. Often referred to as an 'ethnic' conflict between the majority Sinhalas and the minority Tamils; the war had a profound religious dimension. The majority of Sinhala Buddhist monks (the Sangha) not only opposed any meaningful powersharing but latterly advocated an all-out military solution. Such a nexus between Buddhism and violence is paradoxical; nevertheless it has a historical continuity. In 2009 when the war ended amid serious questions of war crimes and crimes against humanity; monks defended the military and its Buddhist leadership. Taking the lives of three key Sangha activists as the modern framework of a Sinhala Buddhist worldview; this book examines the limitations of Western theories of peacebuilding and such solutions as federalism and multinationalism. It analyzes Sinhala Buddhist ethnoreligious nationalism and argues for the urgent need to engage Buddhist politics - in Lanka and elsewhere - with approaches and mechanisms that accommodate the Sangha as key actors in political reform. Sinhala Buddhism is often studied from a sociological or anthropological standpoint. This book fills a gap by examining the faith and practice of the Sinhala Sangha and their followers from a political science perspective.
#1046213 in Books ONEWorld Publications 2015-08-25Original language:EnglishPDF # 1 8.40 x .80 x 5.30l; .0 #File Name: 1780747411214 pagesONEWorld Publications
Review
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful. A good quick survey of pre-modern societies; and the origins of modernityBy omarali50A good review of pre-industrial societies (especially emphasizing how they ALL differed from modern societies; even as they had their own great variety). Somewhat elementary and sometimes TOO elementary (the thought experiments about the evolution of politics and religion for example could be improved). About politics and states for example the Fukuyama book (The origins of political order) is far more detailed and deeply thought out. But this is a good quick read and she clearly has deeper knowledge that is simplified and "dumbed down" for this particular presentation.The last two chapters (discussing why Europe was different and whether all societies were headed for this specific modernity; only at different rates..she thinks not) are very interesting and were the ones I found most enlightening and thought provoking.Well worth a read.0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. Four StarsBy Jan Christian NielsenEasy but thorough reading on a very fascinating subject.0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. Most People for Most of HistoryBy JohnCarrI bought this book to read one chapter but found all of it to be worth the read.Like Gaul; it is divided into three parts.The first two-thirds deal with the subject matter of the title. It doesn’t; nor does it claim to; deal with all pre-industrial societies it deals with societies that were ‘pre-industrial of the civilized kind’; in other words the kinds of societies that the majority of people have lived in since before recorded history and up to about two centuries ago. (SJWs – whom I would urge to read this in order to gain some understanding of the planet they live on – be warned; this book includes words like ‘civilized’ and ‘primitive’). Basically if your society (the Inca excepted) didn’t have writing you’re not included in this survey.As an introduction the author asks the readers to imagine themselves as part of a group of castaways on a desert island and how we would construct a working society. The more of us there are; the more complex the society will be. She then points out that this thought experiment can only bring us so far in imagining the origins of societies as it leaves out the vital component of religion.The main text is taken up with chapters on ‘Socio-Economic Organization’; ‘The State’; ‘Politics’; ‘Culture’ (in 15th century Korea King Seijong tried to democratise learning by introducing an alphabet in place of the thousands of Chinese characters but his best efforts were defeated by scholars opposed to ‘vulgar letters’); ‘Society and the Individual’ (in 15th century Siam everybody below the king was awarded ‘dignity marks’ ranging from 5 for a slave to 100;00 for the heir apparent; the king’s dignity being infinite); and ‘Religion’.The last third of the book is taken up with two chapters; one on ‘The Oddity of Europe’ and the other on ‘Modernity’.The first of these; is; based on recommendations of authors I admire; why I bought this book to read. Here she addresses the question of the rise of the West and whether the West was merely the first or a freak. She thinks it was a freak and ascribes its rise to; inter alia; the weakness of its state system (unlike Chinese emperors Western rulers had to bargain with subjects and popes); the composite nature of its culture (here she makes interesting comparisons with Japan) and the opportunities Europe’s wealth and European population control provided.There are areas where I felt more could have been written.For instance she touches on the difference between shame and guilt but could – and to my mind should – have written more on this topic particularly as it gives an insight into one of the causes of friction arising out of mass migration from shame-based third world countries to guilt-based Western ones. There are reasons for honour killings.In the chapter on Europe a little over a page is given over to scientific thought. This is far too little as the Scientific Revolution preceded the Industrial one and; as Ed Wilson pointed out; “Science isn't easy; that's why it took so long to get started; and then mostly in one place; western Europe.†In her coverage of scientific thought she starts well and makes the very interesting point that South-East Asia had a mixture of the Buddhist religion and a Hindu high culture mixed with assorted native legacies without producing science or the rise of a bourgeoisie (The West being a composite of barbarian invaders; Christianity; and Graeco-Roman high culture; which did produce both). But the rest of the section fizzles out with one long paragraph about Classical deductive thought and Protestant inductive reasoning.I also get the impression that; in dealing with ‘The Oddity of Europe’; the author goes out of her way to downplay the conscious contribution of Europeans e.g. that medieval Latin Christendom gave birth to the university. Similarly I think the role of individual Catholic churchmen is downplayed e.g. the influence of Thomas Aquinas is overlooked.Nor does she properly address the importance of the fact that Latin West made far more use of the legacy of the legacy of Golden Age Greece than either the Greek speaking East or – in the long run – the Islamic world.The closing chapter on modernity is also worth reading and helps explain why some societies find it easier than others to adapt to the modern world.Unlike a lot of social science writing this one is written in plain – if bland – English that a layperson like me can follow easily. It contains a useful Further Reading list.This review is based on the third edition; produced shortly before the author’s death.
