The essential “on the ground†report on the fastest-growing new threat in the Middle East; from the winner of the 2014 Foreign Affairs Journalist of the Year Award Born of the Iraqi and Syrian civil wars; the Islamic State astonished the world in 2014 by creating a powerful new force in the Middle East. By combining religious fanaticism and military prowess; the new self-declared caliphate poses a threat to the political status quo of the whole region.In The Rise of Islamic State; Patrick Cockburn describes the conflicts behind a dramatic unraveling of US foreign policy. He shows how the West created the conditions for ISIS’s explosive success by stoking the war in Syria. The West—the US and NATO in particular—underestimated the militants’ potential until it was too late and failed to act against jihadi sponsors in Saudi Arabia; Turkey and Pakistan.
#790686 in Books Essential Histories - 20th Century Conflicts 2014-12-09 2014-12-09Original language:EnglishPDF # 1 9.87 x 6.99 x 6.66l; 1.00 #File Name: 178200277496 pages9781782002772
Review
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful. Always Fighting the Last WarBy Jeffrey SwystunThe conflicts in Chechnya are fascinating. The fifteen years that encompassed two wars (1994-96 and 1999-2009 ) provide huge lessons in asymmetrical warfare and hinted at growing Muslim militancy. To say the Russians were tested and often bested is an understatement. Their military was at a historic low point. It lacked funding; training; and discipline. Units were undermanned and inter-service and unit cohesion was nonexistent. The book suggests the military was operating on a budget at least 60% deficient.This allowed no modernization or progression in doctrine. That is why during the first war; they paid for a strict adherence to Cold War mass mechanized fighting. Meanwhile; the Chechens were innovative and determined. Chechens have historically been fierce mountaineers with a reputation as bandits and excellent guerrilla fighters. They harboured deep resentment towards Russia given Stalin had once deported their entire nation. That mass movement is known as The Exodus (Chechens now refer to Putin as Stalin). This did not stop many of them from serving in the Soviet and Russian forces and then using that expertise and knowledge in their favour.Chechens adapted their tactics including "hugging" Russian units to avoid airstrikes and setting up resistance in basements as Russian tank guns could not depress low enough to hit them. All the while; the Russians had forgot much of what they learned the hard way fighting in Afghanistan.Much of the Western powers enjoyed the fact that Russia experienced such difficulty. Unfortunately; they did not examine the conflict closely enough to get a sense of where the world was heading.Russia went through five commanders in two years in the first war and six in the latter. This lack of leadership impacted morale and failed to reward initiative. The first war came to an uneasy close but did not solve anything. It did not help that Russian refused to reparations. Reconstruction costs were pegged at $300 million. Worse off was the economy as unemployment reached 80% sowing the seeds for the next war. In that conflict; Russia did not hold back and committed three times the number of troops to pacify the republic. Galeotti nails it when he calls the wars in Chechnya "an imperial conquest; a civil war and a terrorist campaign." The latter had several horrendous instances of large number civilian kidnappings and ham handed deadly attempts.These wars were costly to civilians with estimates of the dead ranging from 20;000 to 200;000. Russian forces peg their losses at close to 11;000 for both wars which many experts consider low. Chechen combat deaths are extremely difficult to substantiate. Regardless; it was a bloody; confusing and ruthless 15 years. This is a fine introduction to this piece of history. For a highly personal narrative; I recommend One Soldier's War by Arkady Babchenko and Nick Allen.1 of 1 people found the following review helpful. Excellent account of the battles that Russia had with separatists and radical muslims in ChechnyaBy Stephen P. FordExcellent account of the battles that Russia had with separatists and radical muslims in Chechnya. Essential History is a fitting title for this account replete with photographs [mostly Russian but some from the Chechens]; charts; artwork and ample text.0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. Russian war in ChechnyaBy SargeEducational and great read. It shows the kind of Russia of the 90s compared to what they are today and the condition they are in. Good descriptions if the key players and why the regions n is important to Russia.
