DOC The Culper Ring: The History and Legacy of the Revolutionary War’s Most Famous Spy Ring by Charles River Editors in History

Description

Henry Ford once said: "History is more or less bunk! ". Why is that so? The consensual chronology we live with was essentially crafted in the XVI century from the contradictory mix of innumerable copies of ancient Latin and Greek manuscripts (all originals have mysteriously disappeared) and the "proofs" delivered by the late mediaeval astronomers; cemented by the authority of writings of the Church Fathers. The British Encyclopaedia names Joseph Justus Scaliger (1540-1609) as the founder of the consensual chronology we live with. Scaliger had considered himself a great mathematician and boasted to have solved the classical “ancient” mathematical ‘Quadrature of Circle’ problem that was subsequently proven insoluble. His principal works Opus Novum de emendatione temporum (1583) and Thesaurum temporum (1606) represent a vast array of dates produced without any justification whatsoever; containing the repeating sequences of dates with shifts equal to multiples of the major cabbalistic numbers 333 and 360. Numerology was considered a major science then and J.J.Scaliger was a prominent kabbalist of his time. The English philosopher William Ockham (allegedly 1225-1279 AD) said: "entities should not be multiplied beyond necessity". `Ockham’s razor` applied to history leaves us with a vision of humankind where civilization comes into being in the VIII- X centuries at the earliest if civilization is understood as a hierarchical system consisting of state; army; ideology; religion; communication; and writing. Neither J.J.Scaliger nor his followers; clergy or humanists have paid much attention to Ockham’s law when they crafted Roman and Greek Antiquity. Their clients were condottieri upstarts who were seeking legitimacy in days of yore in order to become Popes; Cardinals or to finding regal dynasties such as the Medici. They paid exceedingly well for a glorious but fictitious past. Thorough research shows that there is literally no reliably datable information about events before the VIII century and that there is only very scarce information originating from the VIII to the X century. As a matter of fact; most events of “Ancient” History took place from the XI to the XVI century; were replicated on paper in 1400-1600 AD; and positioned under different labels in an imaginary past. We have cross-checked archaeological; astronomical; dendrochronological; paleo- graphical and radiocarbon methods of dating of ancient sources and artifacts. We found them ALL to be non-independent; non-exact; statistically implausible; contradictory and inevitably viciously circular because they are based or calibrated on the same consensual chronology. Unbelievable as it may seem; there is not a single piece of firm written evidence or artifact that could be reliably and independently dated earlier than the XI century. Classical history is firmly based on copies made in the XV-XVII centuries of 'unfortunately lost' originals. Our theory simply returns the Chronology of World History to the realm of applied mathematics from which it was sequestrated by the clergy in the XVI-XVII centuries. We have developed a valid and verifiable method of historical research based on statistics; astronomy; and logic. For example; computer assisted recalculation of eclipses with detailed descriptions allegedly belonging to Antiquity shows that they either occurred in the Middle Ages or didn't occur at all. A simple application of computational astronomy to the rules of calculation of Easter according to the Easter Book introduced by the Nicean Council of alleged 325 AD shows that it definitely could not have taken place before784 AD. Some related questions may arise: when and where was Jesus Christ born; when was He crucified? Was The Old Testament compiled before or after the New One; etc..? No; the New Chronology theory does not cancel events; artifacts; Pyramids; Great Walls; etc..etc; but points to their more probable positions on the time axis.